Keyword Glossary

F

Flood Hazard 500 Years return period - SSP1 Lower bound
The hydrological model used is the Continuum model (Silvestro et al. 2013 and 2015). It is a continuous, distributed and physically based hydrological model able to reproduce the spatial-temporal evolution of soil moisture, energy fluxes, surface soil temperature, evapotranspiration and discharge. Climate dataset used for the simulation of basin response are the W5E5 Global Meteorological dataset for present climate, and the ISIMIP3b Global Meteorological reanalysis dataset for the futur climate. In order to generate flood hazard maps, resulting discharge estimates are input to an hydraulic model based on the Manning equation that compute channel uniform flow depth. This simplified approach fits to determine flood maps on large areas. The hydrological model used is the Continuum model (Silvestro et al. 2013 and 2015). It is a continuous, distributed and physically based hydrological model able to reproduce the spatial-… Read More
Flood Hazard 500 Years return period - SSP5 Upper bound
The hydrological model used is the Continuum model (Silvestro et al. 2013 and 2015). It is a continuous, distributed and physically based hydrological model able to reproduce the spatial-temporal evolution of soil moisture, energy fluxes, surface soil temperature, evapotranspiration and discharge. Climate dataset used for the simulation of basin response are the W5E5 Global Meteorological dataset for present climate, and the ISIMIP3b Global Meteorological reanalysis dataset for the futur climate. In order to generate flood hazard maps, resulting discharge estimates are input to an hydraulic model based on the Manning equation that compute channel uniform flow depth. This simplified approach fits to determine flood maps on large areas. The hydrological model used is the Continuum model (Silvestro et al. 2013 and 2015). It is a continuous, distributed and physically based hydrological model able to reproduce the spatial-… Read More
Floods
An overflow of water onto land that is normally dry, caused by intense rainfall, river overflow, storm surge, snowmelt, or failure of water infrastructure. Floods can damage settlements, infrastructure, agriculture, and ecosystems, and their impacts depend on both hazard intensity and exposure. An overflow of water onto land that is normally dry, caused by intense rainfall, river overflow, storm surge, snowmelt, or failure of water infrastructure. Floods can damage settlements,… Read More
Frost days (FD)
Minimum temperature (TN) below 0 degree Celsius.
Units: days Minimum temperature (TN) below 0 degree Celsius.
Units: days Read More

G

glacial mass balance
the net change in a glacier's mass over a specific period, typically a year, representing the difference between accumulation (snow and ice gain) and ablation (melting and loss of ice). the net change in a glacier's mass over a specific period, typically a year, representing the difference between accumulation (snow and ice gain) and ablation (melting and loss of ice). Read More
glacier runoff
the water that flows from a glacier, resulting from the melting of ice and snow, or from rainfall on the glacier's surface. the water that flows from a glacier, resulting from the melting of ice and snow, or from rainfall on the glacier's surface. Read More
Global Infrastructure Risk Model and Resilience Index (GIRI)
a comprehensive, publicly available tool that assesses the financial risks associated with major hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, etc.) across global infrastructure sectors. a comprehensive, publicly available tool that assesses the financial risks associated with major hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, etc.) across global infrastructure sectors. Read More

H

Heat Index
An apparent temperature measure that combines air temperature and relative humidity to indicate how hot conditions feel to the human body. High heat index values can increase the risk of heat-related stress and illness. An apparent temperature measure that combines air temperature and relative humidity to indicate how hot conditions feel to the human body. High heat index values can increase the risk of heat-… Read More
Heating degree days (HD)
Energy consumption in cold environments depends on the excess of temperature below a given threshold, where heating is required. HDD is an index which uses the mean, maximum and minimum daily temperature.
Units: degree-days Energy consumption in cold environments depends on the excess of temperature below a given threshold, where heating is required. HDD is an index which uses the mean, maximum and minimum daily… Read More
Heatwaves
A period of unusually hot weather that persists for several days or longer relative to the expected conditions of a location and season. Heatwaves can affect human health, agriculture, energy demand, ecosystems, and infrastructure. A period of unusually hot weather that persists for several days or longer relative to the expected conditions of a location and season. Heatwaves can affect human health, agriculture, energy… Read More